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I N S T I T U T E O F A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A N D R E G I O N A L P L A N N I N G , C H I N E S E A C A D E M Y O F A G R I C U L T U R A L S C I E N C E S
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T h e I n s t i t u t e o f A g r i c u l t u r a l R e s o u r c e s a n d R e g i o n a l P l a n n i n g ( I A R R P ) o f C h i n e s e A c a d e m y o f A g r i c u l t u r a l Sciences (CAAS) was established in May 2003 after the reorganization of the Institute of Soils and Fertilizers (established in August 1957) and the Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning (established in February 1979). It is a national comprehensive research institution with regional development as its mission with a focus on agricultural resources utilization and regional development.
As a national agricultural resources and environmental science research center, the institute targets at serving national economic construction, promoting agricultural development, increasing farmer's income, undertaking the primary mission of national and international cooperative research projects, and personnel training. The institute caters to the whole country, studies and explores the theories and methods in the fields of agricultural resources and environmental research, agricultural development strategy, regional planning and structural adjustment, agricultural production and practical techniques, and fosters competent agriculturists.
By the end of 2010, IARRP has a total of 306 staff members, including 138 professors or associate professors. Among the researchers, 59% of them have doctor's degree and 92 of them are graduate tutors.
In line with the national strategic demands and discipline construction planning, the institute has activated 5 academic level teams in scientific and technological innovation in the fields of plant nutrition and fertilizer, agricultural remote sensing, regional agricultural development and ecological environment protection, modern soil science and agro-microbial resource and utilization. At present, 13 institutional level research departments have been established in the research fields of plant nutrition, fertilizer, agricultural remote sensing, soil science, agro-microbial resource, agricultural water resource, modern farming system, agricultural ecology and environment, grassland science, agricultural resources management, agricultural regional development, edible mushroom, agricultural information technology, etc.
Now the institute has a national engineering laboratory (National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable LandNational Engineering Laboratory of High Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources), 2 key laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture (Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization and Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculturethe Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Resources and Digital Agriculture). It has established the National Center for Quality Supervision and Testing of Chemical Fertilizers (Beijing)National Center for Quality Supervision of Chemical Fertilizers, the Microbial Fertilizer Quality Supervision, Inspection and Center for Quality Supervision and Test for Microbial Fertilizers and Mushroom SpawnTest Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, Inspection and Testing Center for the Quality of Mushroom Spawn and Product of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Agricultural Culture Collection Center of China. It has established 9 experimental stations (bases). It is the Grade A agricultural engineering consultation unit Consultative Center for Agricultural Engineering (A-class) of State National Development and Reform Commission and is the management institution of national agricultural resources planning database. It is the supporter of the National Agricultural Resources Information Center and the Research Center of Agricultural Utilization of Land Resource, and the Agricultural Application Department of National Remote Sensing Center, the Research Department of the Remote Sensing Application Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Agricultural Intellectual Property Centre of CAAS. China Chinese Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Society and China Society of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Association are the affiliates of it. Some academic publications such as Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, China Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Agricultural Information and the Management of Agricultural Science and Technology are edited and published by the institute.
The institute has established a postdoctoral station in utilization of agricultural resources and it is the first-class discipline postdoctoral station of this field. It has the authority to teach the doctoral students majoring in 10 disciplines including biochemistry and molecule biology, biophysics, crop ecology, plant nutrition, soil science, agricultural water resources utilization, agricultural regional development, agricultural remote sensing, grassland resource utilization, agro-microbiology, and so on, and master students majoring in 14 disciplines including microbiology, biochemistry and molecule biology, biophysics, ecology, environmental sciences, crop cultivation and farming system, plant nutrition, soil science, agricultural water resources utilization, agricultural remote sensing, agricultural regional development, agricultural economy management, agricultural resources and environmental economics, and agricultural management and administration. The specialties cover 4 categories, i.e. agronomy, science, engineering and administration.
The institute has strong advantages in plant nutrition, soil science, fertilizer science, the preservation and utilization of agro-microbial resources, agricultural remote sensing applications, agricultural structural adjustment and regional development, environment, edible fungi, etc. It possesses agricultural soil fertility and quality monitoring base and agricultural comprehensive information data platform, including the digital agricultural soil nutrient spatial database of digital soil maps and the large-scale land utilization, climate, landform, rural economics and remote sensing image information database. It has made many outstanding scientific and technological achievements in soil improvement, fertilizer practice and staple food supply and demand.
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I I I . I n t r o d u c t i o n o f r e s e a r c h d e p a r t m e n t s
1 . D e p a r t m e n t o f P l a n t N u t r i t i o n
T a k i n g f o o d s e c u r i t y a n d e f f i c i e n t u t i l i z a t i o n o f n u t r i e n t r e s o u r c e s i n C h i n a a s t h e t w o p r i n c i p a l r e s e a r c h t h e m e s , t h e d e p a r t m e n t carries out basic research, applied basic research and applied research of crop nutrition for the purposes of providing technical supports for high yield of crops, high efficient utilization of nutrients, and eco-environmental protection of farm land in China.
Main research fields:
Plant nutrient physiology and biology
Nutrient cycling in farmland
Plant nutrient diagnosis and high efficient fertilizer application
Plant nutrient resources management
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2 . D e p a r t m e n t o f F e r t i l i z e r R e s e a r c h
A i m i n g at improving crop yield and enhancing efficient use of fertilizer resources, the department mainly focuses on applied basic research and technology innovation of fertilizer sciences using principles and techniques of modern biological sciences, materials science and manufacturing engineering. Main research activities include: (1) studying the basics of soil science and biology of high yield and high nutrient use efficiency; (2) studying and developing slow/controlled release fertilizers, formulated compound chemical fertilizers, functional organic fertilizers and other new types of fertilizers, and at the same time, the department strives to develop fertilizer management technology for achieving the targets of high yield, high quality, high efficiency of crops and ecological security.
Main research fields
S l o w / c o n t r o l l e d r e l e a s e f e r t i l i z e r s
F o r m u l a t e d c o m p o u n d f e r t i l i z e r s
F u n c t i o n a l o r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r s
F e r t i l i z e r r e s o u r c e m a n a g e m e n t
3 . QNe aNpeW[QNxvz[
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3 . D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r a l R e m o t e S e n s i n g a n d D i g i t a l A g r i c u l t u r e
W i t h r e s e a r c h e s o n b a s i c t h e o r y a n d a p p l i e d t e c h n o l o g y i n t h e f i e l d o f a g r i c u l t u r a l r e m o t e s e n s i n g , t h e departmentlaboratory focuses on the methodolgymethodology and technical system of monitoring and evaluating crops and their growth conditions, agricultural resources, agricultural environment, agricultural pollution and agricultural disasters, underpinned by remote sensing, geographic information science and global navigation satellite system technology. The departmentlaboratory makes efforts to meet the national demands in agricultural sustainability and agricultural technological innovation in this research field. In the field of agricultural remote sensing, agricultural resources remote sensing monitoring, and agricultural land use monitoring and simulation, the laboratory department is a leading research center in China, and is also in parallel with its international counterparts.
Main research fields:
Remote sensing of agricultural resources and environment
Remote sensing of agricultural production and conditions
Digital agriculture
Global change and food security
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R e s e a r c h e s a t t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f S o i l S c i e n c e s ( D S S ) f o c u s o n soil sciences that are relevant to efficient utilization of agricultural resources. The department devotes itself to achieve the missions includinge fertility improvement of low and medium productive soils, national survey of soil resources, soil fertility and long-term fixed position fertilizer experiments and monitoring, remediation of polluted soils, theoretical basses and applied technological studies of soil nutrient management, digital soil, soil tillage, soil bio-physics, isotopes tracer technique, e t c .
M a i n r e s e a r c h f i e l d s
S o i l f e r t i l i t y a n d c o n s e r v a t i o n
S o i l q u a l i t y m o n i t o r i n g a n d r e m e d i a t i o n
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5 . D e p a r t m e n t o f R e s o u r c e s a n d U t i l i z a t i o n o f A g r i c u l t u r a l M i c r o b i o l o g y
O n t h e b a s i s o f c o l l e c t i o n , i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , p r e s e r v a t i o n a n d s h a r i n g o f a g r i c u ltural microbial resources, focusing on soil microbiology and environmental microbiology, the department carries out studies on exploring efficient microbial resources and applied technology to provide technical supports for bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, bio-feed as well as soil and environment microbial regulators.
Main research fields
Excavating and evaluation of microbial resources
Utilization of waste and environmental bioremediation
Development of microbial fertilizer
Function mMechanism of microbia l f e r t i l i z e r a n d q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d s
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6 . D e p artment of Agricultural Water Resource Utilization
The department is mainly concerned with the overall strategic and critical issues regarding the efficient utilization of agricultural water, and environmental protection. It covers the efficient and safe use of agricultural water resources as a core issue, focusing on water as the main object of basic theoretical and applied research. As concerns technical and theoretical studies of regional eco-environment quality, the department is focusing on agricultural water resources protection in the Yellow River Basin. These research activities aim to provide theoretical and technical support for safeguarding agricultural water resources, as well as food security, ecological balance and economic stability.
Main research fields
Water-saving agriculture
Protection of agricultural water resources and its environment
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7 . D e p a r t m e n t o f M o d e r n F a r m i n g S y s t e m s
W i t h t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f m o d e r n f a r m i n g s y s t e m a s t h e c o r e o f r e s e a r c h e s , t h e d e p a r t m e n t d e v o t e s itself to solve the critical production issues of modern agricultural development from the systematic point of view. The department focuses its researches on high yield cropping systems, and the theory and applied technology of land-use and soil improvement to achieve high and sustained annual yield of farmland.
Main research fields
Farming systems
Sustainable agriculture
Utilization of green manure resources
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8 . D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r a l E c o l o g y a n d E n v i r o n m e n t
F o c u s i n g o n t h e e c o l o g i c al and environmental problems existed in sustainable development of agriculture in China, the department carries out applied and basic researches in the fields of agro-ecology and environments with the targets of investigation, assessment, monitoring, forecasting and controlling of the agro-ecosystem. It aims to establish academic predominance in term of studies on copping with global climate change in agriculture, the prevention of agricultural non-point source pollution, ecological agriculture, circular agriculture, and so on.
Main research fields:
Agricultural Agro-ecosystem and global climate change
Monitoring, forecasting and controlling of agricultural non--point source pollution
Environmental economy and agricultural clean production
Tobacco-planting ecology and environment
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T h e r e s e a r c h e s mainly focus on monitoring and evaluation of grassland ecosystem; mechanisms of grassland deterioration and desertification; theory and applied technology of ecology restoration. furthermore, the research priority areas of This the department also include response of grassland ecosystem to global climate change and adaptive management, grassland biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization. In the research fields of remote sensing monitoring of grassland vegetation, snow disaster and desertification, long term fixed-position observation of grassland ecosystem and macroscopic grassland-livestock balance monitoring and so on, The the department has reached the leading level at home and is also in parallel with its international counterparts.
Main research fields:
Grassland ecology
Grassland resource utilization
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1 0 . D e p a r t m e n t o f R e s o u r c e s M a n a g e m e n t a n d U t i l i z a t i o n
W i t h t h e g o a l o f promoting high efficient utilization of agricultural resources and sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy, the department carries out researches on agricultural resources survey and evaluation; regional optimization of agricultural resources allocation; coordination between regional agricultural development and land & water resources; harmonization of regional agricultural resources utilization with environmental protection; utilization of regional special agricultural resources; laws and regulations on environment, resources and intellectual property management in agriculture and rural development.
Main research fields:
Optimization of agricultural resources allocation and sustainable use
Intellectual Property property Management management in Agricultureagriculture
Integrated utilization of agro-biological resources
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1 1 . D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r a l A l l o c a t i o n a n d R e g i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t
T h e d e p a r t m e n t c a r r i e s o u t r e s e a r c h e s o n a g r i c u l t u r a l r e g i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t i s s u e s s u c h a s a g r i c u l t u r a l p l a n n i n g , a g r i c u l t u r a l a n d a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y a l l o c a t i o n a n d r e g i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t , e t c .
M a i n r e s e a r c h f i e l d s :
A g r i c u l t u r a l z o n i n g , a l l o c a t i o n a n d i n d u s t r i a l e c o n o m i c s
D e v e l o p m e n t s t r a t e g y a n d p l a n n i n g o f r e g i o n a l a g r i c u l t u r e .
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1 2 . D e p a r t m e n t o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y f o r E d i b l e M u s h r o o m I n d u s t r y
T h e d e p a r t m e n t f o c u s e s i t s r e s e a r c h e s o n i n d u s t r y t e c h n o l o g y o f e d i b l e M u s h r o o m m u s h r o o m . T h e m a i n r e s e a r c h a r e a s c o v e r g e r m p l a s m , g e n e t i c s a n d b r eeding, quality evaluation and testing of edible Mushroom mushroom spawn, and physiology technology of edible Mushroom mushroom cultivation.
Main research fields:
Preservation and evaluation of wild germplasm;
Mushroom genetics and breeding;
High-yield physiology of edible Mushroommushroom.
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1 3 . D e partment of Agricultural Information Technology
According to the needs of accuracy monitoring and early warming for the whole process of crops growth and environmental factors of farmland, the department carries out research and development of automatic visual, real-time remote monitoring equipments of agricultural information; the technology of real-time monitoring and warning; formulation of the technical specifications of monitoring and warning; the technology of multiple inversion of agricultural information combined with the space and land based multi-information, and providing basic research data for developing future digital services in monitoring agricultural situations.
The deparmentdepartment also emphasizes its researches on the prevention and mitigation of agricultural disasters, which include agricultural disaster-causing mechanism and the environment for formatting the disasters and laws of its evolution. It carries out research and development of new materials, new technologies and new products for preventing and reducing the loss caused by agricultural natural disasters, and the technology of emergency response and risk management for agricultural disasters.
Main research fields:
Early warming system for drought disaster;
Digital technique for agricultural information.
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T h e i n s t i t u t e h a s t h e N a t i o n a l E n g i n e e r i n g L a b o r a t o r y f o r I m p r o v i n g Q u a l i t y o f A r a b l e L a n d ( N E L I Q A L ) , t w o k e y l a b o r a t o r i e s o f M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e ( M O A ) , t h r e e n a t i o n a l e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n s a n d s i x o t h e r s t a t ions, the National Center for Quality Supervision and Testing of Chemical Fertilizers (Beijing), the MOA Center for Quality Supervision and Test for Microbial Fertilizers and Mushroom Spawn (CMFMS), the Agricultural Culture Collection of China (ACCC), and one satellite ground receiving station. The national research and development center for edible industrial production technology which will be established in Pingquan county of Hebei, and the field experiment station for agricultural resources which will be established in Jiangmen county of Guangdong, are under preparation and construction. The institute possesses some advanced experimental instruments and monitoring equipments. It also possesses long-tracing and testing base areas for soil fertility of farmland in China, agricultural integrated information platform which includes the medium- and high-accuracy digital database of soil fertility of farmland , and the large scale information of land utilization, climate, landform, rural areas, economy and remote sensing images as well as the information bank of National Agricultural Planning Committee. Five academic periodicals are and published by the institute. It has the A-class Consultative Center for Agricultural Engineering awarded by National Development and Reform Commission.
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1 . N a t i o n a l E n g i n e e r i n g L a b o r a t o r y f o r I m p r o v i n g Q u a l i t y o f A r a b l e L a n d
( N E L I Q A L )
N a t i o n a l E n g i n e e r i n g Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land(NELIQAL) was established by the National Development and Reform Commission in 2010. The NELIQAL consists of five departments: Sustainable Management of High Productive Soils, Improvement of Low and Medium Productive Soils, Assessment of Soil Quality, and Development and Application of New Fertilizers. At present the NELIQAL has two pilot testing laboratories for soil conditioners and fertilizers, and technical experiment and demonstration base areas in six major grain production regions in China.
The laboratory aims to meet the rapidly national demand for food security by increasing of agricultural commodities and efficient utilization of agricultural resources. Technology breakthroughs in the following aspects are explored to achieve such aims: (1) sustainable improvement of high-yield fields by soil organic matter build-up; (2) approaches to control fertility degradation of low and medium productive fields; (3) soil quality assessment with information technology; (4) development of new fertilizers including slow/controlled release chemical fertilizers with or without the combination of organic manures; and (5) application of fertilization technologies to enhance efficient use of nutrients and high crop productivity. These technologies will be integrated into pilot experimentations and then transferred to large scale agricultural practices to provide strong technical support for sustainable crop production.
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2 . K e y L a b o r a t o r y o f C r o p N u t r i t i o n a n d F e r t i l i z a t i o n , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e
T h e K e y L a b o r a t o r y o f C r o p N u t r i t i o n a n d F e r t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e K L C N F w a s e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 9 6 . T h e l a b o r a t o r y w a s f i r s t l y n a m e d a s t h e K e y L a b o r a t o r y o f P l a n t N u t r i t i o n o f t h e M i n i s t r y o f Agriculture, and then was named as KLCNF in 2010. Taking the targets of creating new fertilizers and improving new scientific fertilization technology since its establishment, KLCNF focuses its research emphases on plant nutrition physiology and molecular biology, the control principle of nutrients transformation and cycling processes, the mechanism of efficient use of nutrient resources, and fertilizer application and the principle for environment quality control, etc. In the research fields of transforma t i o n o f s o i l n u t r i e n t s , r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f n e w t y p e s o f f e r t i l i z e r s , h i g h e f f i c i e n t f e r t i l i z e r a p p l i c a t i o n t e c h n o l o g y a n d s o o n , K L C N F i s a l e a d i n g l a b o r a t o r y a t h o m e a n d a l s o a t a d v a n c e d l e v e l a s c o m p a r e d w i t h i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o u n t e r p a r t s .
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3 . K e y L a b o r a t o r y o f R e s o u r c e s R e m o t e S e n s i n g a n d D i g i t a l A g r i c u l t u r e , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e
T h e k e y l a b o r a t o r y w a s a p p r o v e d t o e s t a b l i s h b a s e d o n t h e A g r i c u l t u r a l R e m o t e S e n s i n g D e p a r t m e n t o f I A R R P b y t h e M i n i s t r y o f A g r iculture (MOA) in November, 2002. The department of agricultural application of National Remote Sensing Center of China (NRSCC) and the research department of Agricultural Remote Sensing Application Center (ARSAC) of MOA are affiliated to it. The laboratory, targeting at scientific frontiers of remote sensing and digital agriculture, is focused on promoting the researches on monitoring of crops/grasslands and their growth conditions, monitoring and evaluations of agricultural resources, environment and agricultural disasters, developing different decision-support systems and simulation platforms by using spatial information technologies such as modern Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Global Navigation System. It is currently a leading institution at home and in parallel with international leading institutions in the field of crop monitoring, regional land use change monitoring and modeling, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural resources and disasters, and digital agriculture.
Main resear c h f i e l d s :
A g r i c u l t u r a l r e m o t e s e n s i n g
R e s o u r c e s r e m o t e s e n s i n g
E n v i r o n m e n t a l r e m o t e s e n s i n g
D i g i t a l a g r i c u l t u r e
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4 . C h i n e s e A c a demy of Agricultural Sciences-University of New Hampshire Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems Research
Based on the communication and cooperation between CAAS and University of New Hampshire from 1996 to 2011, the joint laboratory was established on June 7, 2011, which was the first joint scientific research and international cooperation agency affiliated to IARRP. Targeting at improving cooperation, expanding research field, cultivating top talents, complementing each other's advantages, the laboratory is focused on the theme of sustainable agro-ecosystems, especially for researches in agro-ecology and environment, non-point pollution prevention, remote sensing and digital agriculture, soil and water resources, plant nutrient and fertility cultivation, and so on, which could offer the powerful technological support for the sustainable development of both US and Chinese agriculture.
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I I C e n t e r s
1 . N a t i o n a l C e n t er for Quality Supervision and Testing of Chemical Fertilizers (Beijing)
The National Center for Quality Supervision and Testing of Chemical Fertilizers (Beijing) (NCQSTCF) was established in 1959 and it is a national laboratory and quality supervision and testing authority authorized by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and authenticated by China Metrology Accreditation (CMA) with the fairness of the third party. NCQSTCF undertakes the entrusted test and arbitrary test of samples of fertilizers, soil regulators, plants, soils, and soil environment and so on, the supervision test of fertilizer and soil conditioner quality and test for certificate issuing entrusted by administrative authorities, and fertilizer efficiency of home or foreign produced fertilizer and soil conditioners efficiency. NCQSTCF also carries out researches on analytical and testing technology, evaluation of fertilizers and soil conditioners, the quality of farmland and agricultural products, a n d f o r m u l a t i o n o f r e l e v a n t t e c h n o l o g i c a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a n d s t a n d a r d s .
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2 . C e n t e r f o r Q u a l i t y S u p e r v i s i o n a n d T e s t i n g f o r M i c r o b i a l F e r t i l i z e r s a n d M u s h r o o m S p a w n , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e
T h e C e n t e r f o r Q u a l i t y S u p e r v i s i o n a n d T e s t i n g f o r M i c r o b ial Fertilizers and Mushroom Spawn, Ministry of Agriculture (CMFMS) was established in 1995. CMFMS, acting as a supervision and test institution for microbial fertilizers and mushroom spawn, is authorized by Ministry of Agriculture and authenticated by China Metrology Accreditation (CMA). CMFMS takes charge of quality testing and supervision for the products of microbial fertilizers and mushroom spawn, and offers legally representative test results for the public. CMFMS is responsible for registration of microbial fertilizer products and the identification of mushroom spawn over China, and undertakes applied basic researches. The major research fields include novel detecting methods and techniques, national (industry) standard and development of industry, symbiotic nitrogen fixation of Rhizobium japonicum, bio-conversion of agricultural wastes, the mechanism of actions and ecology of microorganism.
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iiruS̃0S'l_ uir0\W Nr w̃Suk̃Dn[[ ^ gm.l^0NO)nQ{^04 !^1 0 !QQr^q̃yOυ^04 !^1 0 !NO)nOυ^NS1 0 !^1 5 !NO)nwlOυ^0b g,gW gHQۏv[RgNhVSY0vMR^υDnqQ6 0 3 ^\ 2 1 9 9 y 1 1 9 7 0 *h̃y ~3 0 NN0
3 . A g r i c u l t u r a l C u l t u r e C o l l e c t i o n o f C h i n a
E s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 7 9 , A g r i c u l t u r a l C u l t u r e C o l l e c t i o n o f C h i n a ( A C C C ) i s t h e n a t i o n a l n o n p r o f i t m i c r o b i a l r e s o u r c e c e n t e r a n d r e s e a r c h o r g a n i z a t i o n w h o s e m i s s i o n f o c u s e s o n t h e a c q u i s i t i o n , i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , p r o d u c t i o n , p r e s e r v a t i o n , d e v e l o p m e n t a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r a l m i c r o o r g a n i s m s . A C C C p r o v i d e s i n s p e c t i o n f o r m i c r o b i a l i n o c u l a t e p r o d u c t s , c o n s u l t a n c y , i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e s , t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s .
T h e r e p o s i t o r y p o r t i o n o f t h e f a c i l i t y o c c u p i e s 3 0 0 s q u a r e m e t e r s a n d c o n t a i n s 7 f r e e z e r s t o s t o r e b i o m a t e r i a l s , i n c l u d i n g v a p o r - p h a s e l i q u i d n i t r o g e n f r e e z e r s , m e c h a n i c a l f r e e z e r s a n d c o l d r o o m s . T h e r e p o s i t o r y s p a c e i s c o m p l e m e n t e d b y 7 0 0 s q u a r e m e t e r s l a b o r a t o r y s p a c e , i n c l u d i n g e i g h t p r o f e s s i o n a l l a b o r a t o r i e s : b a c t e r i a , a c t i n o m e y c e t e s , r h i z o b i u m , y e a s t , m i c r o - f i l a m e n t o u s f u n g i , m a c r o - f i l a m e n t o u s f u n g i , p l a n t p a t h o g e n a n d a n e r o b i c m i c r o o r g a n i s m . A C C C h o l d s m o r e t h a n 1 8 , 0 0 0 s t r a i n s , b e l o n g s t o 7 1 6 g e n u s , 2 3 6 4 s p e c i e s .
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1 . Q i y a n g R e d S o i l E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n
Q i y a n g R e d S o i l E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n ( Q R S E S ) w a s e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 6 0 a n d b e c a m e t h e n a t i o n a l f i e l d s t a t i o n i n 2 0 0 0 . Q R S E S c o n s i s t s o f a n a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e i n H e n g y a n g a n d t w o r e s e a r c h b a s e s i n Q i y a n g a n d L e n g s h u i t a n . I t h a s 4 4 h a 2 e x p e r i m e n t a l l a n d s w h i c h a r e d i v i d e d i n t o p a d d y e x p e r i m e n t a l a r e a , d r y - l a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l a r e a , e c o l o g i c a l r e s t o r a t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n a r e a , r u n o f f o b s e r v a t i o n a r e a , l o n g - t e r m m o n i t o r i n g a r e a o f s o i l f e r t i l i t y , o r c h a r d a n d t e a g a r d e n . T h e m a i n r e s e a r c h a r e a s i n c l u d e c o m p r e h e n s i v e u t i l i z a t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r a l r e s o u r c e s i n h i l l y r e d s o i l s r e g i o n o f s o u t h C h i n a , r e g i o n a l m a n a g e m e n t , a g r o - e c o s y s t e m , s o i l p o l l u t i o n m o n i t o r i n g a n d c o n t r o l , i m p r o v e m e n t o f s o i l f e r t i l i t y , f o r g e p l a n t i n g a n d u t i l i z a t i o n , s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n , f e r t i l i z e r s u s e e f f i c i e n c y a n d t h e l o n g - t e r m c h a n g e s o f s o i l f e r t i l i t y i n p a d d y a n d d r y - l a n d s o i l s .
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2 . N a t i o n a l H u l u n b e r G r a s s l a n d E c o s y s t e m O b s e r v a t i o n a n d R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n ( N H G E O R S )
H u l u n b e r G r a s s l a n d E c o s y s t e m O b s e r v a t i o n a n d R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n ( H G E O R S ) w a s e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 9 7 a n d w a s a s s i g n e d a s t h e k e y s t a t i o n o f M O A a n d n a t i o n a l k e y s t a t i o n i n 2 0 0 5 . T h e s t a t i o n i s l o c a t e d a t X i e r t a l a f a r m , t h e c e n t e r o f t e m p e r a t e m e a d o w s t e p p e i n I n n e r M o n g o l i a ( N 4 9 1 9 , E 1 2 0 0 3 , A l t . 6 2 8 m ) . T h e t a r g e t s o f t h e s t a t i o n i n c l u d e s : ( 1 ) t o r e v e a l t h e e c o l o g i c a l p r o c e s s e s o f m e a d o w s t e p p e a s w e l l a s i t s r e s p o n s e t o a v a r i e t y o f d i s t u r b a n c e s ; ( 2 ) t o d e v e l o p m e t h o d s f o r m o n i t o r i n g a n d m o d e l i n g t h e e c o s y s t e m p a t t e r n s a t m u l t i - s c a l e s ; a n d ( 3 ) t o p r o v i d e d e c i s i o n - m a k i n g t o o l s t o l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t . T h e s t a t i o n i s f a c i l i t a t e d w i t h s e v e n l o n g t e r m o b s e r v a t i o n s i t e s a n d t w o l a r g e e x p e r i m e n t a l p l a t f o r m s w h i c h h a v e a t o t a l a r e a o f 4 0 0 h a 2 , a n d i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a d v a n c e d a p p a r a t u s f o r o b s e r v a t i o n o f c l i m a t e , s o i l , w a t e r a n d v e g e t a t i o n .
3 . V[ WXRNeHevvKmzQ
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3 . N a t i o n a l S o i l F e r t i l i t y a n d F e r t i l i z e r E f f e c t s L o n g - t e r m M o n i t o r i n g N e t w o r k
N a t i o n a l S o i l F e r t i l i t y a n d F e r t i l i z e r E f f e c t s L o n g - t e r m M o n i t o r i n g N e t w o r k ( N S F F E L M N ) w a s f o u n d e d i n 1 9 8 7 a n d b e c a m e a s t h e n a t i o n a l n e t w o r k o f f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n i n 1 9 9 9 . N S F F E L M N h a s 8 o b s e r v a t i o n s t a t i o n s l o c a t e d i n J i l i n , X i n j i a n g , S h a a n x i , B e i j i n g , H e n a n , Z h e j i a n g , H u n a n a n d C h o n g q i n g . I n t h e n e t w o r k , t h e r e a r e f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t a l a r e a s , l a r g e l y s i m e t e r s y s t e m s f o r n u t r i e n t l e a c h i n g r e s e a r c h , g r e e n h o u s e , m e t e o r o l o g i c a l o b s e r v i n g p o i n t s , a g r i c u l t u r a l d e m o n s t r a t i o n a r e a s , a n d o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s f o r a g r i c u l t u r a l r e s e a r c h . A l s o t h e r e a r e d a t a b a s e s f o r b i o l o g i c a l , s o i l , n u t r i e n t a n d f e r t i l i z e r , a n d m e t e o r o l o g i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n . T h e h i s t o r i c a l s o i l a n d p l a n t s s a m p l e s a r e a r c h i v e d . T h e m a i n r e s e a r c h a r e a s i n c l u d e t h e l o n g - t e r m c h a n g e s o f s o i l f e r t i l i t y , e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y i n d i f f e r e n t a r e a s , s o i l s a n d f e r t i l i z a t i o n s y s t e m s , f e r t i l i z e r u s e e f f i c i e n c y a n d t h e e f f e c t s o f f e r t i l i z a t i o n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n a n d e c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t s , b e s t f e r t i l i z e r m a n a g e m e n t , a n d t h e e f f e c t s o f a n i m a l m a n u r e s o n a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n a n d e n v i r o n m e n t s .
4 . QN萷_]QNDnN u`sX͑pΑYyf[KmՋz
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4 . K e y E x p e r i m e n t a l S t a t i o n o n A g r i c u l t u r a l R e s o u r c e s a n d E c o l o g i c a l E n v i r o n m e n t i n D e Z h o u , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e
D e Z h o u E x p e r i m e n t a l S t a t i o n ( D Z E S ) , e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 6 6 , i s o n e o f t h e o l d e s t n a t i o n a l f i e l d r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n s s p e c i a l i z i n g i n i m p r o v i n g s o i l p r o d u c t i v i t y i n m a r g i n a l a n d a l k a l i n e / s a l i n e f a r m i n g l a n d s . D Z E S i s c o m p r i s e d o f t h r e e p a r t s w h i c h a r e D e Z h o u o f f i c e s i t e i n D e Z h o u C i t y , t w o e x p e r i m e n t a l s i t e s r e s p e c t i v e l y i n Y u C h e n g C o u n t y a n d L i n g C o u n t y . T h e r e i s a 3 0 0 0 m 2 b u i l d i n g i n D e Z h o u o f f i c e s i t e t h a t c o n t a i n s s t a f f o f f i c e s , l a b o r a t o r i e s , s a m p l e a r c h i v e s a n d d a t a p r o c e s s i n g c e n t r e . T h e t h r e e c o m p r e h e n s i v e l a b o r a t o r i e s n a m e d F e r t i l i z e r R e s o u r c e s a n d N e w F e r t i l i z e r , P l a n t N u t r i t i o n a n d F e r t i l i z a t i o n a n d S o i l A m e l i o r a t i o n a n d I m p r o v e m e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y i n D e Z h o u o f f i c e s i t e a r e e q u i p p e d w i t h a t o m i c a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r , U V s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r , p h o t o s y n t h e t i c s y s t e m a n d o t h e r l a r g e - s c a l e a n a l y s i s f a c i l i t i e s . T h e r e a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 h a a r a b l e l a n d f o r f i e l d t r i a l s i n t h e t w o e x p e r i m e n t a l s i t e s o f Y u C h e n g C o u n t y a n d L i n g C o u n t y . M o r e t h a n 2 0 l o n g - t e r m e x p e r i m e n t s o f f e r t i l i z a t i o n , c o n s e r v a t i o n t i l l a g e , w a t e r - s a v i n g a n d s o i l f e r t i l i t y i m p r o v e m e n t e t c . h a v e b e e n c o n d u c t e d f o r m o n i t o r i n g s o i l p r o d u c t i v i t y , s o i l f e r t i l i t y , f e r t i l i z e r u s e e f f i c i e n c y , s o i l e n v i r o n m e n t s e t c . A n e w f e r t i l i z e r e n g i n e e r i n g c e n t r e w a s e s t a b l i s h e d i n 2 0 0 6 i n Y u C h e n g e x p e r i m e n t a l s i t e , w h i c h h a s a d v a n c e d e q u i p m e n t s f o r a n a l y s i s , m a k i n g a n d i n s p e c t i o n o f f e r t i l i z e r .
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5 . K e y E x p e r i m e n t a l S t a t i o n o n E c o l o g i c a l E n v i r o n m e n t o f Y a n s h a n M o u n t a i n i n Q i a n x i , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e
T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n , l o c a t e d i n Q i a n x i C o u n t y o f H e b e i P r o v i n c e , w a s f o u n d e d i n 1 9 9 6 . I t w a s n a m e d a s o n e o f k e y f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n s b y M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e i n 2 0 0 5 . T h e t o t a l l a n d a r e a a t t h e s t a t i o n i s 1 7 2 . 2 m u ( 1 1 . 5 h a ) . T h e s t a t i o n o w n s a c o m p r e h e n s i v e s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y l a b o r a t o r y b u i l d i n g , s o l a r e n e r g y - s a v i n g g r e e n h o u s e , c o n t r o l l a b o r a t o r y a n d c u l t u r e r o o m , e t c . , a n d i t i s e q u i p p e d w i t h m o d e r n e q u i p m e n t f o r m u s h r o o m i n o c u l a t i o n a n d c u l t i v a t i n g , s o i l s a m p l e t e s t , a n d s o o n . T h e m a i n r e s e a r c h f i e l d s i n t h e s t a t i o n i n c l u d e l o n g - t e r m m o n i t o r i n g o f e c o - e n v i r o n m e n t a l c h a n g e s i n t h e Y a n s h a n m o u n t a i n r e g i o n s , m o n i t o r i n g o f t h e s t r u c t u r e , f u n c t i o n a n d i t s c h a n g e o f l o c a l m o u n t a i n o u s a g r o - e c o s y s t e m s , l o c a l s p e c i a l a g r o - r e s o u r c e s d e v e l o p m e n t a n d u t i l i z a t i o n , t h e h a r m o n i o u s d e v e l o p m e n t o f a g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e s t r y a n d a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y i n n o r t h C h i n a , w a t e r - s a v i n g t e c h n o l o g y d e v e l o p m e n t a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n , e x p l o i t a t i o n o f s u s t a i n a b l e d e v e l o p m e n t m o d e i n l o c a l r u r a l a r e a s , e t c .
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6 . K e y E x p e r i m e n t a l S t a t i o n o n E c o l o g i c a l E n v i r o n m e n t o f D r a b F l u v o - a q u i c S o i l i n C h a n g p i n g , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e
T h e s t a t i o n , l o c a t e d i n t h e C h a n g p i n g D i s t r i c t o f B e i j i n g , w a s f o u n d e d i n 1 9 8 7 . I n 2 0 0 5 , t h e M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e n a m e d t h e s t a t i o n a s o n e o f k e y f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n s . T h e s t a t i o n h a s e s t a b l i s h e d d a t a b a s e s o f c r o p y i e l d s , s o i l n u t r i e n t c o n t e n t , p l a n t n u t r i e n t c o n t e n t , a n d m e t e o r o l o g i c a l c l i m a t e . I n a d d i t i o n , i t a l s o p o s s e s s e s e x p e r i m e n t a l f a c i l i t i e s s u c h a s n u t r i e n t f i l t e r c h a m b e r , s o l a r i u m , l a b o r a t o r y , e t c . T h e m a i n r e s e a r c h f i e l d s i n c l u d e l o n g - t e r m f i x e d p o s i t i o n m o n i t o r i n g a n d t e s t i n g o f t h e D r a b F l u v o - a q u i c s o i l , l o n g - t e r m f i x e d p o s i t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s o f t h e e f f e c t s o f a p p l i c a t i o n o f a n i m a l m a n u r e , c r o p s t r a w a n d s l u d g e .
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T h e s t a t i o n , l o c a t e d i n L u o y a n g o f H e n a n P r o v i n c e , w a s f o u n d e d i n 1 9 9 8 . I n 2 0 0 5 , t h e M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e n a m e d t h e s t a t i o n a s o n e o f k e y f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n s . T h e s t a t i o n h a s 7 5 m u ( 5 h a ) f i n e e x p e r i m e n t a l f i e l d , a n d t h e d e m o n s t r a t i o n f i e l d s o f d r y f a r m i n g n e w t e c h n o l o g y c o v e r s a n a r e a o f 5 0 0 0 m u ( 3 3 3 . 3 h a ) . I t h a s b u i l t a c o m p r e h e n s i v e s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y l a b o r a t o r y b u i l d i n g , a n o f f i c e b u i l d i n g a n d a u x i l i a r y f a c i l i t i e s . T h e l a b o r a t o r i e s a r e e q u i p p e d w i t h K j e l d a h l a p p a r a t u s , s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r , f l a m e p h o t o m e t e r , d r y o v e n , e t c . I t a l s o h a s a n e x p e r i m e n t a l s h e d , 8 0 o p e n s o i l s o l u t e m i g r a t i o n a n d p e r c o l a t i o n p o o l s , a n o b s e r v a t i o n s i t e o f p l o t r u n o f f a n d e q u i p p e d w i t h s o i l m o i s t u r e t i m e - d o m a i n r e f l e c t o m e t e r , r u n o f f f l o w r e c o r d e r , t e n s i o m e t e r , e t c . T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n i s m a i n l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e l o n g - t e r m o r i e n t a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g o f d r y l a n d a g r i c u l t u r e e c o l o g i c a l f a c t o r s a n d r e l a t e d s t u d i e s . I t f u r t h e r s e r v e s t o c o n d u c t p i l o t d e m o n s t r a t i o n s o f i n c r e a s i n g t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n t h r o u g h n e w t e c h n o l o g i c a l s y s t e m s a n d t o a d v a n c e n a t i o n a l k e y p r o j e c t s o n d r y l a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y .
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L a n g f a n g R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n o f I A R R P w a s f o u n d e d i n 1 9 9 8 i n W a n z h u a n g z h e n T o w n , L a n g f a n g C i t y , H e b e i P r o v i n c e . I t c o v e r s a n a r e a o f 3 8 0 m u ( 2 5 . 3 h a ) , w h i c h i s d i v i d e d i n t o p r o t e c t e d a g r i c u l t u r a l e x p e r i m e n t a l r e g i o n a n d i n t e g r a t e d e x p e r i m e n t a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n r e g i o n . T h e s t a t i o n h a s a f u l l - a u t o m a t i c i n t e l l i g e n t m u l t i - s p a n g r e e n h o u s e , c o m m o n s o l a r g r e e n h o u s e s , a n e x p e r i m e n t a l s h e d , a r u n o f f o b s e r v a t i o n p l o t , m e t e o r o l o g i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n p l o t , a n d t h e s y s t e m s r e l a t e d t o t e m p e r a t u r e , v a r i o u s i r r i g a t i o n e f f i c i e n c i e s a n d a c o m p r e h e n s i v e s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y l a b o r a t o r y b u i l d i n g , a n d a p i l o t e x p e r i m e n t w o r k s h o p o f w a t e r - s a v i n g t e c h n o l o g y o f d r y f a r m i n g , e t c . I t i s t h e s c i e n t i f i c p l a t f o r m f o r w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n a g r i c u l t u r e , p l a n t n u t r i e n t a n d f e r t i l i z a t i o n , a g r o e c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t , a g r i c u l t u r a l r e m o t e s e n s i n g a n d o t h e r f i e l d s o f s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . I t i s a l s o a v e h i c l e f o r d e m o n s t r a t i o n , p r o m o t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f a p p l i e d t e c h n i c a l s o l u t i o n .
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T h e s t a t i o n w a s f o u n d e d i n 1 9 9 8 . I t i s l o c a t e d i n M i y u n C o u n t y o f B e i j i n g a n d c o v e r s a n a r e a o f 1 2 7 . 5 m u ( 8 . 5 h a ) . T h e s t a t i o n h a s e q u i p p e d w i t h a d v a n c e d e x p e r i m e n t a l f a c i l i t i e s a n d i n s t r u m e n t s f o r f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t s , s u c h a s t h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y l a b o r a t o r y b u i l d i n g , s o l a r e n e r g y - s a v i n g g r e e n h o u s e , s a m p l i n g r o o m , c o n t r o l l a b o r a t o r y , a n d s o o n . T h e s t u d i e s a t t h e s t a t i o n m a i n l y f o c u s o n l o n g - t e r m m o n i t o r i n g o f s u b u r b a n e n v i r o n m e n t , l o n g - t e r m o b s e r v a t i o n o f t h e s t r u c t u r e , f u n c t i o n a n d i t s c h a n g e o f t h e a g r o - e c o s y s t e m s i n Y a n s h a n m o u n t a i n o u s a r e a , e x p l o i t a t i o n a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f w a t e r - s a v i n g t e c h n o l o g y o f d r y f a r m i n g , s u s t a i n a b l e d e v e l o p m e n t m o d e o f a g r i c u l t u r e a n d r u r a l a r e a s , b i o - e n e r g y u t i l i z a t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d s o o n .
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A i m i n g a t t h e f o r e f r o n t o f a g r i c u l t u r a l r e s o u r c e s u t i l i z a t i o n a n d r e g i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t , t h e i n s t i t u t e h a s a l w a y s a t t a c h e d g r e a t i m p o r t a n t t o t h e a c a d e m i c e x c h a n g e a n d c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y c o m m u n i t i e s . S i n c e i t s f o u n d a t i o n , I A R R P h a s e s t a b l i s h e d c o o p e r a t i v e r e l a t i o n w i t h m a n y n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n m o r e t h a n 3 0 c o u n t r i e s a n d r e g i o n s , s u c h a s U S A , E U , U K , J a p a n , K o r e a , A u s t r a l i a , F A O , C G I A R a n d A P E C . I n t h e l a s t f i v e y e a r s , w e h a v e d i s p a t c h e d 3 2 0 s c i e n t i s t s t o f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s f o r a l l k i n d s o f a c a d e m i c a c t i v i t i e s , a n d a l s o h a v e i n v i t e d m o r e t h a n 3 0 0 f o r e i g n d i s t i n g u i s h e d s c i e n t i s t s t o v i s i t o u r i n s t i t u t e . D u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d , a b o u t 7 s c i e n t i s t s f r o m I A R R P h a v e h e l d p o s i t i o n s i n 8 i n t e r n a t i o n a l a c a d e m i c o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n c l u d i n g c o n f e r e n c e c h a i r , m e m b e r o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l s c i e n t i f i c c o m m i t t e e , e d i t o r - i n - c h i e f e t c . A t p r e s e n t , t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o j e c t s a r e c a r r i e d o u t b y I A R R P i n c l u d i n g S i n o - E U S c i - t e c h C o o p e r a t i o n , A P E C R e g i o n a l S c i - t e c h C o o p e r a t i o n , S i n o - J a p a n B i l a t e r a l S c i - t e c h C o o p e r a t i o n , e t c .
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